What causes metal allergies?

Metal allergies are allergic diseases in which the skin reacts sensitively to various metals, such as nickel , cobalt , and chromium . We may come into contact with these metals in all sorts of situations in our daily lives, such as in earrings, accessories, and metals used in dental treatment, so it is very important to know which metals are the cause . Here, we will explain in detail the main causes of metal allergies and how they occur , with references to domestic and international literature.

1. What is metal allergy?

Metal allergies are a type of contact dermatitis that is thought to occur when metals react with sweat or body fluids to become metal ions , which then bind to proteins in the body and become allergens. They are characterized by symptoms such as itching, rashes, and eczema that appear on the skin.

2. Main metals

There are several types of metals that are likely to cause metal allergies. The following are the most common ones.

• Nickel : Frequently used in accessories, zippers, dental metals, etc.
• Cobalt : Often found in alloys of medical instruments, dentures, and plating materials.
• Chromium : Found as a component of stainless steel, it is also used in plating products and leather tanning.
• Palladium : A typical metal used in dental treatment.
• Gold and Silver : Allergic reactions are relatively rare, but may occur depending on the individual.

Nickel allergies are known to be one of the most common metal allergies, and many people experience symptoms from accessories, clothing buttons, belt buckles, etc.

3. Mechanism of metal allergy

1. Dissolution of metal ions When metal comes into contact with sweat or body fluids, metal ions dissolve.
2. Binding of ions and proteins The dissolved metal ions bind to proteins in the body and become allergens.
3. Immune response: Allergens are detected by the immune system, causing allergic symptoms such as itching and inflammation.

Once sensitized, even small amounts of metal ions can cause symptoms, and the person's constitution is also known to be prone to chronic reactions .

4. Prevention and countermeasures

4-1. Avoid metals that cause

The most important thing is to avoid contact with the metal that is causing the rash . Identify the metal causing the rash with a patch test at a dermatologist, and avoid jewelry and dental materials that contain that metal.

4-2. Use of coatings and alternative materials

If you absolutely must use metal, we recommend choosing materials and finishes that are less likely to cause allergies, such as nickel-free , PVD-coated , or surgical stainless steel (316L) .

4-3. Skin moisturization and hygiene

If sweat or dirt is left on your jewelry for a long time, the metal ions will dissolve, so be sure to keep it moisturized and clean on a daily basis. Don't forget to also perform maintenance such as wiping the back of your jewelry frequently.

5. Q&A about metal allergies

Q1. Once you develop a metal allergy, can it be cured?

A1. It is said that it is difficult to completely cure, but it is possible to suppress the symptoms by taking appropriate measures (avoiding the causative metal, using other materials, etc.). If symptoms appear, please visit a dermatologist as soon as possible.

Q2. Can pure gold or platinum cause allergies?

A2. It is generally believed to be unlikely to occur, but if the purity of the gold or platinum is low, the alloy may contain other metals (such as nickel), which can cause an allergic reaction.

Q3. Can dental metals cause allergies?

A3. There are cases where symptoms occur in the mouth or on the skin due to metals used in dental treatment (palladium, nickel, etc.). If you experience any discomfort, consult with your dentist or dermatologist and consider changing to materials that do not contain the metal responsible .